Cikakken bayanin
Western blot (WB), tsiri immunoassay (LIATEK HIV Ⅲ), radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) da immunofluorescence assay (IFA).Hanyar gwajin inganci da aka saba amfani da ita a China ita ce WB.
(1) Western blot (WB) hanya ce ta gwaji da ake amfani da ita sosai wajen gano cututtuka da yawa.Dangane da ganewar asali na cutar kanjamau, ita ce hanyar gwaji ta farko ta tabbatarwa da ake amfani da ita don tabbatar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na HIV.Ana amfani da sakamakon gano WB a matsayin "ma'aunin zinariya" don gano fa'idodi da rashin amfanin sauran hanyoyin gwaji.
Tsarin gwajin tabbatarwa:
Akwai nau'in kwayar cutar HIV-1/2 da nau'in HIV-1 ko HIV-2 guda ɗaya.Da farko, a yi amfani da kwayar cutar HIV-1/2 gaurayawan reagent don gwadawa.Idan abin ya kasance mara kyau, bayar da rahoton cewa rigakafin cutar HIV mara kyau;Idan ya tabbata, zai bayar da rahoton cewa yana da kwayar cutar HIV-1;Idan ba a cika ma'auni masu kyau ba, ana yanke hukunci cewa sakamakon gwajin rigakafin cutar HIV ba shi da tabbas.Idan akwai takamaiman band mai nuna HIV-2, kuna buƙatar amfani da reagent na rigakafi na HIV-2 don sake yin gwajin tabbatar da rigakafin cutar HIV 2, wanda ke nuna mummunan ra'ayi, kuma ku bayar da rahoton cewa rigakafin HIV 2 mara kyau;Idan yana da inganci, zai bayar da rahoton cewa yana da inganci ga kwayar cutar HIV-2, kuma a aika samfurin zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje na bincike na kasa don nazarin jerin abubuwan nucleic acid,
Hankalin WB gabaɗaya baya ƙasa da na gwajin gwaji na farko, amma ƙayyadaddun sa yana da girma sosai.Wannan ya dogara ne akan rarrabuwa, maida hankali da tsarkakewa na nau'ikan antigen na HIV daban-daban, waɗanda za su iya gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi daga nau'ikan antigen daban-daban, don haka za a iya amfani da hanyar WB don gano daidaiton gwajin gwajin farko.Ana iya gani daga sakamakon gwajin tabbatarwa na WB cewa ko da yake an zaɓi reagents masu inganci don gwajin gwaji na farko, kamar ELISA ƙarni na uku, har yanzu za a sami tabbataccen ƙarya, kuma ana iya samun ingantaccen sakamako ta hanyar gwajin tabbatarwa.
(2) Immunofluorescence assay (IFA)
Hanyar IFA tana da tattalin arziki, mai sauƙi da sauri, kuma FDA ta ba da shawarar don gano samfuran rashin tabbas na WB.Koyaya, ana buƙatar masu amfani da microscops masu tsada, da kuma horar da masu fasaha ana buƙatar su, kuma lura da abin kallo suna iya haifar da sakamako na fassara.Bai kamata a adana sakamakon na dogon lokaci ba, kuma bai kamata a aiwatar da IFA ba kuma a yi amfani da shi a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gabaɗaya.
Rahoton sakamakon gwajin rigakafin cutar HIV
Za a bayar da rahoton sakamakon gwajin rigakafin cutar kanjamau a cikin Tebura na 3 da aka makala.
(1) Bi ka'idar tabbataccen hukunci na rigakafin cutar HIV 1, bayar da rahoton "HIV 1 antibody positive (+)", kuma kuyi kyakkyawan aiki na shawarwarin gwajin bayan gwajin, sirri da rahoton yanayin annoba kamar yadda ake buƙata.Bi ka'idodin ingantaccen hukunci na rigakafin cutar HIV 2, bayar da rahoton “HIV 2 antibody positive (+)”, kuma kuyi kyakkyawan aiki na shawarwarin gwajin bayan gwajin, sirri da rahoton yanayin annoba kamar yadda ake buƙata.
(2) Yi daidai da ka'idojin yanke hukunci mara kyau na rigakafin cutar HIV, kuma bayar da rahoton "maganin rigakafi na HIV (-)".A cikin yanayin da ake zargi da kamuwa da cutar “lokacin taga”, ana ba da shawarar ƙarin gwajin nucleic acid don yin cikakken ganewar asali da wuri-wuri.
(3) Daidaita ma'auni don rashin tabbas na rigakafin cutar HIV, bayar da rahoton "rashin tabbas game da cutar kanjamau (±)", kuma lura a cikin maganganun cewa "jiran sake gwadawa bayan makonni 4".
Abun ciki na Musamman
Tsarin Samar da Gwajin Saurin da ba a yanke ba
