Ranar Sauro ta Duniya

Ranar 20 ga watan Agusta ita ce ranar sauro ta duniya, ranar da za a tunatar da mutane cewa sauro na daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke yada cututtuka.

A ranar 20 ga Agusta, 1897, masanin ilimin halittu na Burtaniya Ronald Ross (1857-1932) a cikin dakin gwaje-gwajensa ya gano cewa sauro ne ke haifar da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro, kuma ya yi nuni da ingantacciyar hanyar guje wa cizon sauro: ka nisanci cizon sauro.Tun daga wannan lokacin ne ake bikin ranar sauro ta duniya a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta na kowace shekara domin wayar da kan al'umma kan cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da sauran cututtuka da sauro ke kamuwa da su.

Menene manyan cututtuka da cizon sauro ke haifarwa?

01 Malaria

Zazzabin cizon sauro cuta ce da kwari ke haifarwa ta hanyar kamuwa da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar cizon sauro na Anopheles ko ta hanyar zubar da jinin mai dauke da zazzabin cizon sauro.An fi bayyana cutar a matsayin hare-hare na yau da kullun na lokaci-lokaci, duk jikin jiki ya yi sanyi, zazzabi, hyperhidrosis, hare-hare masu yawa na dogon lokaci, na iya haifar da anemia da haɓakar safa.

Yaɗuwar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro a duniya har yanzu yana da yawa, inda kusan kashi 40 cikin ɗari na al'ummar duniya ke zaune a yankunan da ke fama da zazzabin cizon sauro.Zazzabin cizon sauro ya kasance cuta mafi muni a nahiyar Afirka, inda mutane kusan miliyan 500 ke rayuwa a yankunan da zazzabin cizon sauro ke fama da shi, kashi 90 cikin 100 na su a nahiyar, kuma sama da mutane miliyan 2 ne ke mutuwa daga cutar a kowace shekara.Kudu maso gabas da tsakiyar Asiya su ma yankunan da zazzabin cizon sauro ke yaduwa.Cutar zazzabin cizon sauro na ci gaba da yaduwa a Amurka ta tsakiya da kuma Kudancin Amurka.

Gabatarwa ga gwajin gaggawa na Malaria:

Cutar zazzabin cizon sauro Pf Antigen gwajin sauri shine gwajin chromatography na gefe wanda ake amfani dashi don gano takamaiman furotin na Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), furotin mai arzikin histidine II (pHRP-II), a cikin samfuran jinin ɗan adam.An yi nufin yin amfani da na'urar azaman gwajin gwaji da kuma matsayin haɗin gwiwa don gano kamuwa da cutar plasmodium.Duk wani samfurin amsawa wanda aka gwada da sauri ta amfani da Malaria Pf Antigen dole ne a tabbatar da shi ta hanyar amfani da madadin hanyoyin gwaji da binciken asibiti.

An ba da shawarar samfuran gwajin zazzabin cizon sauro:

02 Filariasis

Filariasis cuta ce ta parasitic cuta ta filariasis parasitizing ɗan adam lymphatic tissue, subcutaneous tissue ko serous cavity.Daga cikin su, Malay filariasis, Bancroft filariasis da lymphatic filariasis suna da alaƙa da sauro.Ana kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar kwari masu shan jini.Alamu da alamun filariasis sun bambanta bisa ga wurin filariasis.Matakin farko shine lymphangitis da lymphadenitis, kuma ƙarshen mataki shine jerin alamomi da alamun da ke haifar da toshewar lymphatic.Gwajin sauri ya dogara ne akan gano microfilaria a cikin jini ko nama na fata.Binciken serological: gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi na filarial da antigens a cikin jini.

Gabatarwa ga gwajin saurin filarial:

Gwajin gwajin gaggawa na filarial gwaji ne bisa ka'idar immunochromatography wanda zai iya tantance kamuwa da cutar ta filarial a cikin mintuna 10 ta hanyar gano takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi ko antigens a cikin samfurin jini.Idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan microfilaria na gargajiya, saurin gano ƙwayar filaria yana da fa'idodi masu zuwa:

1. Ba'a iyakance shi da lokacin tattara jini, kuma ana iya gwada shi a kowane lokaci, ba tare da buƙatar tattara samfuran jini da dare ba.

2. Kada ku buƙatar hadaddun kayan aiki da ƙwararrun ma'aikata, kawai jefa jini a cikin katin gwajin, kuma ku lura ko akwai bandeji mai launi don yin hukunci da sakamakon.

3. Ba tare da tsangwama daga sauran cututtuka na parasitic ba, yana iya bambanta daidai nau'in cututtukan filarial iri-iri, da yin hukunci da mataki da matakin kamuwa da cuta.

4. Ana iya amfani da shi don tantance yawan jama'a da kuma lura da yaduwa, da kuma kimanta tasirin maganin chemotherapy na rigakafi.

An ba da shawarar samfuran gwajin saurin Filariasis:

03 Dengue

Zazzabin Dengue cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayar cuta ta Dengue ke haifarwa kuma ana ɗauka ta hanyar cizon sauro na Aedes.Cutar da ke yaduwa ta fi kamari a yankuna masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi, musamman a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, yankin yammacin Pasifik, Amurka, gabashin Bahar Rum da Afirka.

Babban alamun zazzabin dengue sune zazzabi mai zafi na kwatsam, “ciwon kai sau uku” (ciwon kai, ciwon ido, tsokar tsoka da ciwon kashi baki daya), “jajayen ciwo mai sau uku” (fuskar fuska, wuya da kirji), da kurji (cututtukan cunkoso ko rash). tabo kururuwan zubar jini a gabobin jiki da gangar jiki ko kai da fuska)."Cutar cutar dengue da kwayar cutar da ke haifar da COVID-19 na iya haifar da irin wannan alamun tun da wuri," in ji Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC).

Zazzabin Dengue na faruwa ne a lokacin rani da kaka, kuma yana yaduwa daga Mayu zuwa Nuwamba a Arewacin Hemisphere a kowace shekara, wato lokacin kiwo na Aedes.Duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, dumamar yanayi ya sanya yawancin ƙasashe masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar dengue da wuri da kuma fadada yaduwar cutar.

Gabatarwa ga gwajin saurin Dengue:

Dengue IgG/IgM Rapid assay shine immunoassay na chromatography na gefe wanda aka yi amfani da shi don gano ainihin ƙwayoyin cuta na dengue IgG/IgM a cikin jini, jini, ko duka jini.

Gwaji kayan

1. Dole ne a bi hanyoyin gwaji da fassarar sakamakon gwajin a hankali yayin gwajin abubuwan da suka shafi daidaikun mutane don kasancewar ƙwayoyin rigakafi zuwa ƙwayar dengue a cikin jini, plasma ko duka jini.Rashin bin wannan tsari na iya haifar da sakamako mara inganci.

2. Gano da sauri na haɗin dengue IgG/IgM yana iyakance ga gano ƙimar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na dengue a cikin jini na ɗan adam, plasma ko duka jini.Babu wata alaƙa ta layi tsakanin ƙarfin ƙungiyar gwaji da titer antibody a cikin samfurin.

3. Ba za a iya amfani da gwajin haɗin gwiwar dengue mai sauri IgG/IgM don bambanta tsakanin cututtukan farko da na sakandare ba.Gwajin ba ya ba da bayani game da serotype dengue.

4. Serologic cross-reactivity tare da wasu flaviviruses (misali, Jafananci encephalitis, West Nile, yellow fever, da dai sauransu) abu ne na kowa, don haka marasa lafiya da suka kamu da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya nuna wani mataki na amsawa ta wannan gwajin.

5. Sakamako mara kyau ko marasa amsawa a cikin batutuwa guda ɗaya suna nuna babu ƙwayoyin rigakafi na dengue da za a iya ganowa.Koyaya, sakamakon gwaji mara kyau ko mara amsawa baya kawar da yuwuwar fallasa ko kamuwa da cutar dengue.

6. Idan adadin ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta na dengue da ke cikin samfurin yana ƙasa da layin ganowa, ko kuma idan babu ƙwayoyin rigakafi da za a iya ganowa a matakin cutar da aka tattara samfurin, mummunan sakamako na iya faruwa.Sabili da haka, idan bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti suna ba da shawarar kamuwa da cuta ko fashewa, ana ba da shawarar gwaje-gwaje masu biyo baya ko wasu gwaje-gwaje daban-daban, kamar gwajin antigen ko hanyoyin gwajin PCR.

7. Idan bayyanar cututtuka ta ci gaba, duk da mummunan sakamako ko rashin amsawa daga haɗuwa da sauri na gwajin IgG / IgM don dengue, ana ba da shawarar cewa a sake dawo da majiyyaci bayan 'yan kwanaki ko gwada shi tare da kayan aikin gwaji.

8. Wasu samfuran da ke ɗauke da manyan titers na rigakafin heterophile ko abubuwan rheumatoid na iya shafar sakamakon da ake tsammani.

9. Sakamakon da aka samu a cikin wannan gwaji za a iya fassara shi kawai tare da wasu hanyoyin bincike da binciken asibiti.

An ba da shawarar samfuran gwajin saurin dengue:

Amfanigwaje-gwajen gaggawa na jirgin ruwa-biona iya inganta ingantaccen bincike da daidaito, wanda ke ba da damar ganowa da kuma kula da masu kamuwa da cuta a kan lokaci, don sarrafawa da kawar da waɗannan cututtuka masu cutarwa.

samfuran gwajin sauri na jirgin ruwa-bio suna ba da damar gano cutar cikin sauri da inganci.