Kwayar cutar ta Monkeypox cuta ce ta kwayar cuta ta kwayar cuta ta biri (MPXV).Ana yada wannan ƙwayar cuta ta farko ta hanyar hulɗa da kayan da suka kamu da cutar da watsawar numfashi.Kwayar cutar Monkeypox na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta a cikin mutane, wanda cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samun ta ba a Afirka.Anan akwai ƙarin bayani game da ƙwayar cuta ta biri.
Yaduwar cutar kyandar biri a kasashe daban-daban:
Haɗin gwiwa ECDC-WHO Ofishin Yanki na Turai Mpox Sa ido Bulletin (europa.eu)
Takaitaccen bayanin sa ido
An gano jimillar cutar 25,935 na mpox (wanda ake kira da cutar kyandar biri) ta hanyoyin IHR, kafofin jama'a na hukuma da TESSy har zuwa 06 ga Yuli 2023, 14:00, daga ƙasashe 45 da yankuna a cikin Yankin Turai.A cikin makonni 4 da suka gabata, an gano lokuta 30 na mpox daga ƙasashe da yankuna 8.
An ba da rahoton bayanan tushen shari'o'i 25,824 daga ƙasashe da yankuna 41 zuwa ECDC da Ofishin Yanki na WHO na Turai ta Tsarin Sa ido na Turai (TESSy), har zuwa 06 Yuli 2023, 10:00.
Daga cikin kararraki 25,824 da aka ruwaito a cikin TESSy, 25,646 an tabbatar da su a dakin gwaje-gwaje.Bugu da ƙari, inda aka sami jerin sunayen, an tabbatar da 489 na Clade II, wanda a da ake kira clade na Afirka ta Yamma.Shari'ar da aka fi sani da ita tana da ranar samfur na 07 Maris 2022 kuma an gano ta ta hanyar gwaji na baya-bayan nan na ragowar samfurin.An bayar da rahoton farkon ranar bayyanar cututtuka kamar 17 Afrilu 2022.
Yawancin shari'o'in sun kasance tsakanin 31 zuwa 40 shekaru (10,167/25,794 - 39%) da namiji (25,327/25,761 - 98%).Daga cikin shari'o'in maza 11,317 tare da sanin yanayin jima'i, 96% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin maza waɗanda ke yin jima'i da maza.Daga cikin mutanen da aka san matsayin HIV, 38% (4,064/10,675) suna da HIV.Yawancin lokuta da aka gabatar da kurji (15,358 / 16,087 - 96%) da kuma bayyanar cututtuka irin su zazzabi, gajiya, ciwon tsoka, sanyi, ko ciwon kai (10,921 / 16,087 - 68%).Akwai lokuta 789 a asibiti (6%), wanda 275 lokuta suna buƙatar kulawar asibiti.An shigar da kararraki takwas a ICU, kuma an ba da rahoton lokuta bakwai na mpox sun mutu.
Ya zuwa yau, an sanar da WHO da ECDC game da lokuta biyar na fallasa sana'a.A cikin shari'o'i huɗu na fallasa sana'a, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya suna sanye da kayan aikin kariya da aka ba da shawarar amma an fallasa su ga ruwan jiki yayin tattara samfuran.Shari'a ta biyar ba ta sanye da kayan kariya na sirri ba.Jagorar wucin gadi ta WHO game da kulawar asibiti da rigakafin kamuwa da cuta da sarrafa mpox ya kasance mai inganci kuma yana nan a https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/355798.
Takaitacciyar adadin shari'o'in mpox da aka gano ta hanyoyin IHR da kafofin jama'a na hukuma kuma an bayar da rahoto ga TESSy, Yankin Turai, 2022-2023
Kasashe da yankunan da ke ba da rahoton sabbin maganganu a cikin makonni 4 da suka gabata an ba da haske da shuɗi.
Takaitattun rahotanni game da yanayin jima'i tsakanin maza na mpox, Yankin Turai, TESSy, 2022-2023
An bayyana daidaitawar jima'i a cikin TESSy bisa ga nau'ikan da ba keɓanta juna ba:
- Madigo
- MSM = MSM/homo ko namiji bisexual
- Mata masu jima'i da mata
- Bisexual
- Sauran
- Ba a sani ba ko ba a tantance ba
Yanayin jima'i ba lallai ba ne yana wakiltar jinsi na mutumin da lamarin ya yi jima'i da shi a cikin kwanaki 21 da suka gabata kuma baya nuna jima'i da watsa jima'i.
Mun taƙaita a nan yanayin yanayin jima'i da maza suka gano su.
Watsawa
Watsawar mpox na mutum-zuwa-mutum na iya faruwa ta hanyar saduwa ta kai tsaye da fata mai yaduwa ko wasu raunuka kamar a baki ko kan al'aura;wannan ya hada da tuntuɓar wanda shine
- fuska da fuska (magana ko numfashi)
- fata-to-fatar (tabawa ko jima'i ta farji/tsara)
- baki-da-baki (kissing)
- tuntuɓar baki da fata (jima'in baki ko sumbantar fata)
- droplets na numfashi ko gajeriyar iska daga doguwar kusanci
Sannan kwayar cutar ta shiga jiki ta karyewar fata, saman mucosal (misali na baka, pharyngeal, ido, al'aura, anorectal), ko ta hanyar numfashi.Mpox na iya yaduwa zuwa ga sauran membobin gidan da abokan jima'i.Mutanen da ke da abokan jima'i da yawa suna cikin haɗari mafi girma.
Dabbobin watsawa na mpox na faruwa daga dabbobi masu kamuwa da cuta zuwa ga mutane daga cizo ko karce, ko yayin ayyuka kamar farauta, fata, tarko, dafa abinci, wasa da gawa, ko cin dabbobi.Ba a san girman yaduwar kwayar cutar ba a cikin yawan dabbobi kuma ana ci gaba da yin nazari.
Mutane na iya yin kwangilar mpox daga gurɓatattun abubuwa kamar su tufafi ko lilin, ta hanyar raunuka masu kaifi a cikin kula da lafiya, ko a wuraren jama'a kamar wuraren shakatawa.
Alamomi da alamomi
Mpox yana haifar da alamu da alamun bayyanar da yawanci farawa a cikin mako guda amma zai iya farawa kwanaki 1-21 bayan fallasa.Alamun yawanci suna wuce makonni 2-4 amma suna iya dawwama a cikin wanda ke da raunin garkuwar jiki.
Alamomi na yau da kullun na mpox sune:
- kurji
- zazzaɓi
- ciwon makogwaro
- ciwon kai
- ciwon tsoka
- ciwon baya
- karancin makamashi
- kumburin nodes.
Ga wasu mutane, alamar farko ta mpox ita ce kurji, yayin da wasu na iya samun alamun daban-daban da farko.
Kurjin yana farawa ne azaman ciwo mai laushi wanda ke tasowa zuwa blister cike da ruwa kuma yana iya zama ƙaiƙayi ko mai zafi.Yayin da kurjin ya warke, raunukan sun bushe, sun yi ɓawon burodi kuma su faɗi.
Wasu mutane na iya samun ɗaya ko ƴan raunukan fata wasu kuma suna da ɗaruruwa ko fiye.Wadannan na iya bayyana a ko'ina a jiki kamar:
- tafin hannu da tafin kafa
- fuska, baki da makogwaro
- makwancin gwaiwa da wuraren al'aura
- dubura.
Wasu mutane kuma suna da kumburin duburarsu mai raɗaɗi ko zafi da wahala lokacin leƙen.
Mutanen da ke da mpox suna kamuwa da cutar kuma suna iya yada cutar ga wasu har sai duk miyagu sun warke kuma sabon fatar jiki ta samu.
Yara, masu juna biyu da mutanen da ke da raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki suna cikin haɗarin rikitarwa daga mpox.
Yawanci ga mpox, zazzabi, ciwon tsoka da ciwon makogwaro suna fara bayyana.Kurjin mpox yana farawa akan fuska kuma yana yaduwa akan jiki, yana shimfiɗa zuwa tafin hannu da tafin ƙafafu kuma yana tasowa sama da makonni 2-4 a cikin matakai - macules, papules, vesicles, pustules.Launuka suna tsoma a tsakiya kafin ɓawon burodi.Scabs sai faɗuwa. Lymphadenopathy (ƙumburi na lymph nodes) sanannen siffa ce ta mpox.Wasu mutane na iya kamuwa da cutar ba tare da bayyanar da wata alama ba.
A cikin yanayin barkewar mpox na duniya wanda ya fara a cikin 2022 (wanda ke haifar da cutar ta Clade IIb), cutar ta fara daban a wasu mutane.A cikin fiye da rabin lokuta, kurji na iya bayyana a gaba ko a lokaci guda da sauran alamun kuma ba koyaushe yana ci gaba a jiki ba.Lalacewar farko na iya kasancewa a cikin makwancinta, dubura, ko a ciki ko wajen baki.
Mutanen da ke da mpox na iya yin rashin lafiya sosai.Misali, fata na iya kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da kuraje ko kuma mummunar lalacewar fata.Sauran rikice-rikice sun haɗa da ciwon huhu, kamuwa da cuta na corneal tare da asarar hangen nesa;ciwo ko wahalar haɗiye, amai da gudawa yana haifar da rashin ruwa mai tsanani ko rashin abinci mai gina jiki;sepsis (kamuwa da cuta da jini tare da tartsatsi mai kumburi amsa a cikin jiki), kumburi da kwakwalwa (encephalitis), zuciya (myocarditis), dubura (proctitis), al'aura gabobin (balanitis) ko urinary sassa (urethritis), ko mutuwa.Mutanen da ke da kariyar garkuwar jiki saboda magani ko yanayin likita suna cikin haɗarin rashin lafiya mai tsanani da mutuwa saboda mpox.Mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau wadanda ba a kula da su sosai ko kuma ba a kula da su ba sukan kamu da cuta mai tsanani.
Cututtukan da ake kamuwa da su ta hanyar jima'i
Cuta Mai Yaduwa
Kwayar cutar ta Monkey Pox
Bincike
Gano mpox na iya zama da wahala kamar yadda sauran cututtuka da yanayi na iya kamanni.Yana da mahimmanci a rarrabe mpox daga kaji, kyanda, cututtukan fata na kwayan cuta, scabies, herpes, syphilis, sauran cututtukan da ake iya kamuwa da su ta hanyar jima'i, da rashin lafiyar da ke da alaƙa da magunguna.
Wani mai mpox kuma yana iya samun wata kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i irin ta herpes.A madadin, yaron da ake zargin mpox yana iya samun kashin kaji.Don waɗannan dalilai, gwaji shine mabuɗin don mutane don samun magani da wuri-wuri da hana ci gaba da yaduwa.
Gano kwayar cutar DNA ta hanyar maganin sarkar polymerase (PCR) shine gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka fi so don mpox.Ana ɗaukar mafi kyawun samfuran bincike kai tsaye daga kurji - fata, ruwa ko ɓawon burodi - wanda aka tattara ta hanyar swabbing mai ƙarfi.Idan babu raunin fata, ana iya yin gwaji a kan oropharyngeal, tsuliya ko swabs.Ba a ba da shawarar gwajin jini ba.Hanyoyin gano maganin rigakafi bazai da amfani saboda basu bambanta tsakanin ƙwayoyin cuta na orthopox daban-daban ba.
Kit ɗin gwajin gaggawa na ƙwayar cuta ta Monkeypox Antigen An yi shi ne musamman don gano ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta biri a cikin samfuran sigar ɓoyayyen ƙwayar jikin mutum kuma an yi shi ne don amfanin ƙwararru kawai.Wannan kayan gwajin yana amfani da ƙa'idar colloidal zinariya immunochromatography, inda yankin ganowa na nitrocellulose membrane (T line) aka lullube da linzamin kwamfuta anti-monkeypox cutar monoclonal antibody 2 (MPV-Ab2), da kuma ingancin kula da yankin (C-line) an lulluɓe da goat anti-mouse IgG polyclonal antibody da colloidal zinariya mai lakabin linzamin kwamfuta anti-monkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 1 (MPV-Ab1) akan kushin mai alamar zinari.
Yayin gwajin, lokacin da aka gano samfurin, ƙwayar cuta ta Monkeypox Virus Antigen (MPV-Ag) a cikin samfurin tana haɗawa da zinare mai launi (Au) mai suna anti-monkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 1 don samar da (Au-Mouse anti-monkeypox virus). monoclonal antibody 1-[MPV-Ag]) hadaddun rigakafi, wanda ke gudana gaba a cikin membrane na nitrocellulose.Daga nan sai ta haxa da linzamin linzamin kwamfuta anti-monkeypox monoclonal antibody 2 don samar da agglutination “(Au MPV-Ab1-[MPV-Ag]-MPV-Ab2)” a cikin wurin ganowa (T-line) yayin gwajin.
Ragowar colloidal zinare mai lakabin Mouse anti-monkeypox virus monoclonal antibody 1 yana haɗawa da goat anti-mouse IgG polyclonal antibody wanda aka lulluɓe akan layin sarrafa inganci don samar da agglutination da haɓaka launi.Idan samfurin bai ƙunshi ƙwayoyin cuta na Monkeypox ba, wurin ganowa ba zai iya samar da hadaddun rigakafi ba, kuma yankin kula da ingancin kawai zai samar da hadaddun rigakafi da haɓaka launi.Wannan kayan gwajin ya ƙunshi cikakkun bayanai don tabbatar da cewa ƙwararru za su iya gudanar da gwajin lafiya da inganci a kan marasa lafiya a cikin ƙayyadaddun lokaci na mintuna 15.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-25-2023